In German, there are several important rules and examples to learn for expressing the time. Here are some tips with examples to explain this topic to someone who is learning it for the first time:
1. Expressing Hours:
To express German hours, the expression “Es ist” (It is) is used, followed by the hour and minute.
Examples:
- Es ist ein Uhr. (It is one o’clock.)
- Es ist zwei Uhr. (It is two o’clock.)
- Es ist halb vier. (It is half past three.)
- Es ist zwölf Uhr. (It is twelve o’clock.)
2. Expressing Minutes:
When indicating minutes, “nach” (past) or “vor” (to) can be used.
Examples:
- Es ist zehn nach drei. (It is ten past three.)
- Es ist fünf vor halb acht. (It is five to half past seven.)
3. Afternoon and Evening Hours:
When expressing afternoon and evening hours in German, afternoon and evening expressions are used.
Examples:
- Es ist drei Uhr nachmittags. (It is three in the afternoon.)
- Es ist acht Uhr abends. (It is eight in the evening.)
4. Considerations for Hour Expressions:
In German, the word “Uhr” means clock and is used after the hour expression.
- Es ist sechs Uhr. (It is six o’clock.)
- When the word “halb” (half) is used, it indicates the time until the next hour.
- Es ist halb sieben. (It is half past six, meaning half an hour before seven.)
- German time periods:
- AM: vormittags (in the morning)
- PM: nachmittags (in the afternoon), abends (in the evening), nachts (at night)
5. Practical Examples:
Examples:
- Es ist fünf Uhr morgens. (It is five in the morning.)
- Es ist ein Uhr nachmittags. (It is one in the afternoon.)
- Es ist neun Uhr abends. (It is nine in the evening.)
For expressing fractional hours in German, expressions like “viertel” and “halb” are used. Here are examples explaining fractional hours:
1. Quarter Past Hours (viertel):
- The expression “viertel,” meaning quarter, is used to indicate quarter-past hours. Examples:
- Es ist viertel nach zehn. (It is quarter past ten.)
- Es ist viertel vor sechs. (It is quarter to six.)
2. Half Past Hours (halb):
- The expression “halb” is used to indicate half-past hours. Examples:
- Es ist halb acht. (It is half past seven.)
- Es ist halb drei. (It is half past two.)
3. Other Fractional Hours:
- Additionally, expressions like “dreiviertel” (three quarters), “fünf vor halb” (five to half), can be used to express fractional hours. Examples:
- Es ist dreiviertel zwölf. (It is three quarters past eleven.)
- Es ist fünf vor halb neun. (It is five to half past eight.)
4. Considerations:
- “nach” is used for quarter-past hours, and “vor” is used for quarter-to hours.
- “halb” is used for half-past hours.
5. Afternoon and Evening Hours:
- When expressing afternoon and evening hours in German, afternoon and evening expressions are used. Examples:
- Es ist drei Uhr nachmittags. (It is three in the afternoon.)
- Es ist acht Uhr abends. (It is eight in the evening.)
6. Considerations for Hour Expressions:
- In German, the word “Uhr” means clock and is used after the hour expression.
- Es ist sechs Uhr. (It is six o’clock.)
- When the word “halb” (half) is used, it indicates the time until the next hour.
- Es ist halb sieben. (It is half past six, meaning half an hour before seven.)
- German time periods:
- AM: vormittags (in the morning)
- PM: nachmittags (in the afternoon), abends (in the evening), nachts (at night)
7. Practical Examples:
Examples:
- Es ist fünf Uhr morgens. (It is five in the morning.)
- Es ist ein Uhr nachmittags. (It is one in the afternoon.)
- Es ist neun Uhr abends. (It is nine in the evening.)
When asking for the time in German, you can use common phrases and expressions. Here are some examples:
1. “Wie viel Uhr ist es?” (What time is it?)
Examples:
- Wie viel Uhr ist es jetzt? (What time is it now?)
- Excuse me, can you tell me what time it is? (Excuse me, can you tell me what time it is?)
2. “Wie spät ist es?” (What time is it now?)
Examples:
- Wie spät ist es jetzt? (What time is it now?)
- Do you know what time it is? (Do you know what time it is?)
3. “Kannst du mir sagen, wie viel Uhr es ist?” (Can you tell me what time it is?)
Examples:
- Kannst du mir sagen, wie viel Uhr es ist? (Can you tell me what time it is?)
- Excuse me, I forgot my watch. Can you tell me what time it is? (Sorry, I forgot the time. Can you tell me what time it is?)
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Asking for the time at a specific time period: Examples:
- Um wie viel Uhr beginnt die Vorstellung? (At what time does the show start?)
- Wann ist dein Flug? Um wie viel Uhr? (When is your flight? At what time?)
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“It is… o’clock.” Examples:
- Es ist drei Uhr. (It is three o’clock.)
- Es ist halb acht. (It is half-past seven.)
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Asking for the Date and Time: Examples:
- Können Sie mir sagen, welcher Tag heute ist und wie viel Uhr es ist? (Can you tell me what day it is today and what time it is?)
- Entschuldigung, wissen Sie, wann der Zug ankommt und wie viel Uhr es dann sein wird? (Excuse me, do you know when the train will arrive and what time it will be then?)
With these expressions and examples, you should have learned various sentence structures that can be used to ask about the time in German.